Summoning is an applicable measure according to the Bulgarian legislation under international judicial cooperation – established by law means of notifying natural and legal persons of their obligation to appear before the competent authority of the investigation or at a hearing, be it as a witness, expert, translator, interpreter or specialist - technical assistant, an accused/defendant person or another party in the process (e.g civil respondent, civil claimant and private prosecutor). Officials shall serve summonses, subpoenas, papers with the respective court, the pre-trial authorities, municipality, or mayor's offices. Service on persons deprived of liberty and on those remanded in custody shall be effected through the respective institutions. Service on minors shall be effected through their legal representatives. Summonses, subpoenas, and papers in the trial phase to a victim, prejudiced legal person, private complainant, private prosecutor, civil claimant, civil respondent, and their counsels, as well as to a witness, expert, translator, interpreter or specialist - technical assistant, may be served electronically with their consent if they have indicated an e-mail address.